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In 1776, in response to the long years of civil war and harsh government by both the Trinh and Nguyễn Lords, the Tây Sơn Rebellion broke out near Qui Nhon in the south.<br/><br/>Enjoying wide popular support among both the peasant and merchant classes, the three Tây Sơn brothers overthrew the Nguyễn Lords in 1777. The last Nguyễn Lord, Nguyen Anh, fled abroad and sought French assistance. Ten years later, in 1787, the Tay Son overthrew the Trinh Lords in Thang Long, provoking a Chinese invasion.<br/><br/>The greatest of the Tay Son brothers, Nguyễn Huệ, crushed the Chinese and proclaimed himself Emperor Quang Trung. Unfortunately he died unexpectedly in 1792, opening the way for the return of the fugitive Nguyễn Anh.
Coloured engraving of senior officials at the Vietnamese Court - probably the Trinh Court in Hanoi - from 'Il costume antico e moderno, o, storia del governo, della milizia, della religione, delle arti, scienze ed usanze di tutti i popoli antichi e moderni, provata coi monumenti dell'antichità e rappresentata cogli analoghi disegni dal dottor Giulio Ferrario' (1826).